Prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a alteraciones comunicativas en vendedores ambulantes de Popayán, Colombia / Communicative disorder prevalence and associated risk factors regarding informal workers in Popayan, Colombia

Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de alteraciones en la audición, función respiratoria y vocal y su asociación con ciertos factores de riesgo en vendedores ambulantes de la ciudad de Popayán, Colombia. Métodos Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 186 vendedores ambulantes. Después de la firma del consentimiento informado, se aplicó una encuesta para obtener datos sobre variables sociodemográficas y comunicativas. Posteriormente, los trabajadores fueron evaluados mediante la aplicación de pruebas de audiometría tonal, funcionalidad respiratoria y perfil vocal de Wilson. El análisis estadístico se realizó en SPSS v. 19.0. Resultados Ser mayor de 30 años (OR 5,84; IC95 % 2,85-12,00), poseer nivel educativo (2,81; 1,22-6,44) y estrato socioeconómico bajos (4,54; 1,89-10,91), y el tiempo de trabajo prolongado (2,64; 1,27-5,06) estuvieron asociados a alteraciones en la función auditiva. Alteraciones en la función respiratoria estuvieron asociadas a ser mujer (1,83; 1,00-3,34) y tiempo de trabajo prolongado (2,04; 1,11-3,74). Para la función vocal, ser mayor de 30 años (3,36; IC 1,33-3,51) y el nivel educativo bajo (3,67; 1,05-12,76) fueron factores de riesgo. Los antecedentes comunicativos relacionados con alteraciones auditivas, respiratorias y de la voz fueron dolor de oído, hipertrofia de amígdalas, trauma, reflujo gastroesofágico, tos frecuente, emociones fuertes y gritar. Conclusiones Se evidencia que las alteraciones en el sistema comunicativo en los vendedores ambulantes está asociada con ciertos factores de riesgo sociodemográficos y comunicativos. Esta información constituye una línea de base para mejorar las estrategias de promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad en esta población.(AU)

Objective Determining the prevalence of alterations in informal workers’ audition, respiratory and vocal functions and their association with certain risk factors in Popayan, Colombia. Methods This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of 186 informal workers (i.e. people selling things in the street). After signing an informed consent form, an interview was held to obtain data regarding sociodemographic and communicative variables. The workers were then evaluated using tests for tone audiometry, respiratory function and Wilson's voice profile. SPSS (v.19.0) was used for statistical analysis. Results Being older than 30 years of age (OR 5.84: 2.85-12.00 95%CI), having a poor educational level (2.81: 1.22-6.44 95%CI) and low socioeconomic status (4.54:1.89-10.91 95%CI) and prolonged working hours (2.64: 1.27-5.06 95%CI) were associated with auditive function disorders. Respiratory function disorders were associated with being female (1.83; 1.00-3.34 95%CI) and having prolonged working hours (2.04: 1.11-3.74 95%CI). Regarding vocal function, being over 30 years-old (3.36: 1.33-3.51 95%CI) and having a low educational level (3.67; 1.05-12.76 95%CI) were risk factors. Communicative factors related to auditive, respiratory and voice disorder were ear pain, hypertrophic tonsils, trauma, gastro-esophageal reflux, frequent cough, strong emotions and screaming. Conclusions It is evident that alterations in informal workers’ communicative system are associated with certain sociodemographic and communicative risk factors. This information provides a baseline for improving healthcare promotion and disease prevention strategies aimed at this population.(AU)

[Communicative disorder prevalence and associated risk factors regarding informal workers in Popayan, Colombia]. / Prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a alteraciones comunicativas en vendedores ambulantes de Popayán, Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: Determining the prevalence of alterations in informal workers’ audition, respiratory and vocal functions and their association with certain risk factors in Popayan, Colombia. METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of 186 informal workers (i.e. people selling things in the street). After signing an informed consent form, an interview was held to obtain data regarding sociodemographic and communicative variables. The workers were then evaluated using tests for tone audiometry, respiratory function and Wilson's voice profile. SPSS (v.19.0) was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Being older than 30 years of age (OR 5.84: 2.85-12.00 95%CI), having a poor educational level (2.81: 1.22-6.44 95%CI) and low socioeconomic status (4.54:1.89-10.91 95%CI) and prolonged working hours (2.64: 1.27-5.06 95%CI) were associated with auditive function disorders. Respiratory function disorders were associated with being female (1.83; 1.00-3.34 95%CI) and having prolonged working hours (2.04: 1.11-3.74 95%CI). Regarding vocal function, being over 30 years-old (3.36: 1.33-3.51 95%CI) and having a low educational level (3.67; 1.05-12.76 95%CI) were risk factors. Communicative factors related to auditive, respiratory and voice disorder were ear pain, hypertrophic tonsils, trauma, gastro-esophageal reflux, frequent cough, strong emotions and screaming. CONCLUSIONS: It is evident that alterations in informal workers'’ communicative system are associated with certain sociodemographic and communicative risk factors. This information provides a baseline for improving healthcare promotion and disease prevention strategies aimed at this population.